Question:
OK… so I poked into more current figures than I have in the table I’ve got… These are the U.S. recommended daily allowances (for adults in general,) of various micronutrients, current in 2001. U.S. RDAs are also given for infants (0-1 years), children (1-3 years), and pregnant or lactating women, but I haven’t included them here. These U.S. RDAs are listed in the Federal Register. This table will look like hell if you’re viewing it in a proportional font… I’ve set it up 77 characters wide for display in fixed-width fonts. Nutrient Other Names & Usual Forms in Supplements U.S. RDA ——– —————————————- ——– Vitamin A Vitamin A acetate; Beta-carotene 5000 IU Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol acetate 30 IU Vitamin C Ascorbic acid; Niacinamide ascorbate 60 mg Folic acid Folacin 400 mcg Vitamin B-1 Thiamine; Thiamin; Thiamine mononitrate 1.5 mg Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Vitamin B-2 1.7 mg Niacin Niacinamide; Niacinamide ascorbate 20 mg Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine hydrochloride 2.0 mg Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 6.0 mcg Biotin Biotin 0.3 mg Pantothenic acid Calcium pantothenate 10 mg Calcium Dibasic calcium phosphate; Elemental calcium 1000 mg Phosphorus Dibasic calcium phosphate 1000 mg Iodine Potassium iodide 150 mcg Iron Ferrous fumarate; Ferrous sulfate; Elemental iron 18 mg Magnesium Magnesium oxide; Magnesium sulfate 400 mg Copper Cupric oxide; Cupric sulfate 2.0 mg Zinc Zinc oxide 15 mg — Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice.
Response:
Michael wrote: > Heavy vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) poisoning causes serious nervous system > trouble, including complete "disembodiment", a selective neuropathy of the > proprioceptive system. Imagine literally not having any sense of your > body’s position, muscle tension, muscle and tendon motion… <shudder.
Hmmm, sounds vaguely familiar. Eliz. ^^^^^ Are these MY FEET? (Father Ted)
Response:
"cocobunny" <cocobu…@shaw.ca> wrote in message
news:3C3546B6.202D18C1@shaw.ca… | Michael wrote:
| | > Heavy vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) poisoning causes serious nervous system | > trouble, including complete "disembodiment", a selective neuropathy of the | > proprioceptive system. Imagine literally not having any sense of your | > body’s position, muscle tension, muscle and tendon motion… <shudder. | | Hmmm, sounds vaguely familiar. | | Eliz. | ^^^^^ | Are these MY FEET? | (Father Ted) Ever read Oliver Sacks’ "A Leg to Stand On", or "The Man Who Mistook his Wife for a Hat"? He describes proprioceptive difficulty from both clinical and personal experience. One case is that of a woman with a neuropathy of the type that can be brought on by B-6 poisoning. Though not actually paralysed, she was limp as a ragdoll at first because, not knowing what her muscles and tendons and whatnot were doing, she made none of the automatic, unconscious adjustments we all make to our posture from moment to moment. Proprioception means literally "sense of self"… imagine feeling your body to be something foreign and separate from yourself. I’ve had very minor problems on and off with not knowing properly what my left foot is doing, but I can’t get my mind around total loss of proprioception at all. I lke the Father Ted quote… wish I had such a perfect one for *any* ocassion. <G> — Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice.
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"cocobunny" <cocobu…@shaw.ca> wrote in message
news:3C353DD4.AC41462A@shaw.ca… | Which ones are dangerous in amounts over the RDA? The only *dangerous* one’s I’m aware of right off the top of my head are A and B-6, though there are presumably upper limits on most of them for what’s "safe" to take. Vitamin A toxicity is something I don’t know an awful lot about, but it’s well documented, and it’s pretty nasty… occasionally fatal… though you have to take truly huge amounts of the stuff to do serious damage. Heavy vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) poisoning causes serious nervous system trouble, including complete "disembodiment", a selective neuropathy of the proprioceptive system. Imagine literally not having any sense of your body’s position, muscle tension, muscle and tendon motion… <shudder. — Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice. | Michael wrote:
| > | > OK… so I poked into more current figures than I have in the table I’ve | > got… | > | > These are the U.S. recommended daily allowances (for adults in general,) of | > various micronutrients, current in 2001. U.S. RDAs are also given for | > infants (0-1 years), children (1-3 years), and pregnant or lactating women, | > but I haven’t included them here. These U.S. RDAs are listed in the Federal | > Register. | > | > This table will look like hell if you’re viewing it in a proportional | > font… I’ve set it up 77 characters wide for display in fixed-width fonts. | > | > Nutrient Other Names & Usual Forms in Supplements U.S. RDA | – —————————————- ——– | > Vitamin A Vitamin A acetate; Beta-carotene 5000 IU | > Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU | > Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol acetate 30 IU | > Vitamin C Ascorbic acid; Niacinamide ascorbate 60 mg | > Folic acid Folacin 400 mcg | > Vitamin B-1 Thiamine; Thiamin; Thiamine mononitrate 1.5 mg | > Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Vitamin B-2 1.7 mg | > Niacin Niacinamide; Niacinamide ascorbate 20 mg | > Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine hydrochloride 2.0 mg | > Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 6.0 mcg | > Biotin Biotin 0.3 mg | > Pantothenic acid Calcium pantothenate 10 mg | > Calcium Dibasic calcium phosphate; Elemental calcium 1000 mg | > Phosphorus Dibasic calcium phosphate 1000 mg | > Iodine Potassium iodide 150 mcg | > Iron Ferrous fumarate; Ferrous sulfate; Elemental iron 18 mg | > Magnesium Magnesium oxide; Magnesium sulfate 400 mg | > Copper Cupric oxide; Cupric sulfate 2.0 mg | > Zinc Zinc oxide 15 mg | > | > — | > Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> | > Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice. | | — | Eliz. | ^^^^^ | Wow, there’s lots of ways you can praise God isn’t there? | Like that time you told me I could praise him by just leaving the room? | (Father Ted)
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Of course, too much cooking sherry can do the same thing, Eliz. Perhaps that’s what seems familiar. – Lynne "cocobunny" <cocobu…@shaw.ca> wrote in message
news:3C3546B6.202D18C1@shaw.ca… – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Michael wrote: > > Heavy vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) poisoning causes serious nervous system > > trouble, including complete "disembodiment", a selective neuropathy of the > > proprioceptive system. Imagine literally not having any sense of your > > body’s position, muscle tension, muscle and tendon motion… <shudder. > Hmmm, sounds vaguely familiar. > Eliz. > ^^^^^ > Are these MY FEET? > (Father Ted)
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no no no, you’re not going to put that off on me! YOU are the ng party girl, not me. ps I hear there are large quantities of b6 in bar peanuts. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -Lynne wrote: > Of course, too much cooking sherry can do the same thing, Eliz. Perhaps > that’s what seems familiar. > – Lynne > "cocobunny" <cocobu…@shaw.ca> wrote in message > news:3C3546B6.202D18C1@shaw.ca… > > Michael wrote: > > > Heavy vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) poisoning causes serious nervous system > > > trouble, including complete "disembodiment", a selective neuropathy of > the > > > proprioceptive system. Imagine literally not having any sense of your > > > body’s position, muscle tension, muscle and tendon motion… <shudder. > > Hmmm, sounds vaguely familiar. > > Eliz. > > ^^^^^ > > Are these MY FEET? > > (Father Ted)
– Eliz. ^^^^^ Wow, there’s lots of ways you can praise God isn’t there? Like that time you told me I could praise him by just leaving the room? (Father Ted)
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On Thu, 03 Jan 2002 21:29:05 -0500, Jim Carter <jimcar…@gmx.net> wrote: }>Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU } }I believe recent studies have found this to be inadequate. Minimum of 10,000 IU }is now recommended.
Jim asked me to correct this. It should read 1,000 IU. — Joan Trolls now come encased in iron.
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| | I lke the Father Ted quote… wish I had such a perfect one for *any* | ocassion. <G> | — | Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> You did, when you used Pooh’s quotes … — Pamela non sum qualis eram "I am not as I used to be"
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Here is a whole lot of info on Vitamin Toxicology Jack Toxicity, Vitamin from Emergency Medicine / Toxicology Sponsors do not influence content. Toxicity, Vitamin Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: vitamin A, retinol, vitamin D, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin K, phytonadione, vitamin B-1, thiamine, vitamin B-2, riboflavin, vitamin B-3, niacin, vitamin B-6, pyridoxine, vitamin B-12, cyanocobalamin, vitamin C, ascorbic acid, folic acid Home|Search|Contents|A-Z Index|Tools|Updates|Medline|Cover|Dictionary|GetCME|Rate this topic|Help eMedicine Journal > Emergency Medicine > Toxicology > Toxicity, Vitamin Author Information | Introduction | Clinical | Differentials | Workup | Treatment | Medication | Follow-up | Miscellaneous | Bibliography We are offering CME for this topic. Click on the GetCME button to take CME (Your first test is Free!) AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Authored by Mark Rosenbloom, MD, MBA, FACEP, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Northwestern Memorial Hospital Mark Rosenbloom, MD, MBA, FACEP, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians Edited by Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH, Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine; John T VanDeVoort, PharmD, DABAT, Manager, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Department, Regions Hospital; Fred Harchelroad, MD, FACMT, Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Medical Toxicology, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital; John Halamka, MD, Chief Information Officer, CareGroup Healthcare System, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; and Raymond J Roberge, MD, MPH, FAAEM, FACMT, Research Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio Valley Medical Center; Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Author’s Email:Mark Rosenbloom, MD, MBA, FACEP Editor’s Email:Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH eMedicine Journal, October 23 2001, Volume 2, Number 10 INTRODUCTION Section 2 of 10 Background: More than 100 million Americans regularly use vitamins. In the US, consumer spending on vitamins and minerals has doubled in the last 6 years, reaching $6.5 billion annually. Iron-containing vitamins are the most toxic, especially in pediatric acute ingestions (see Toxicity, Iron). Fat-soluble vitamins are more dangerous in acute ingestions. Frequency: In the US: Data from the 1998 American Association of Poison Control Centers’ Toxic Exposure Surveillance System document the total number of exposures for each class of vitamins, the number of patients with major adverse outcomes, and the number of fatalities from that ingestion, as follows: Adult multiple vitamins without iron or fluoride – 2409 total exposures, 1 major outcome, and 0 deaths Adult multiple vitamins with iron but without fluoride – 5781 total exposures, 2 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Pediatric multiple vitamins without iron or fluoride – 7252 total exposures, 0 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Pediatric multiple vitamins with iron but without fluoride – 16,125 total exposures, 0 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Vitamin A – 2146 total exposures, 0 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Niacin – 2244 total exposures, 2 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Pyridoxine – 355 total exposures, 5 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Other B complex vitamins – 1439 total exposures, 0 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Vitamin C – 2650 total exposures, 0 major outcomes, and 0 deaths Vitamin E – 1726 total exposures, 1 major outcome, and 0 deaths Overall, 49,709 exposures to different types of vitamins were reported to the poison control centers across the US in 1998, accounting for 14 major adverse outcomes and no deaths. Of the total exposures, 39,396 exposures occurred in children younger than 6 years. Mortality/Morbidity: Morbidity and mortality from pure vitamins are rare. One study of acute or chronic overdoses, with more than 40,000 exposures, reported 1 death and 8 major adverse outcomes. Race: No scientific data indicate that outcomes of vitamin overdose are dependent on race. Sex: No scientific data indicate that outcomes of vitamin overdose are dependent on sex. CLINICAL Section 3 of 10 Physical: Nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash, are common with any acute or chronic vitamin overdose. Vitamin-caused symptoms may be secondary to those associated with additives (eg, mannitol), colorings, or binders; these symptoms usually are not severe. The following are symptoms of specific vitamin overdose: Vitamin A Acute toxicity effects include headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and desquamation after 24 hours. Chronic toxicity affects the skin, mucous membranes, and the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. Skin and mucous membrane effects include erythema, eczema, pruritus, dry and cracked skin, conjunctivitis, palmar and plantar peeling, and alopecia. Musculoskeletal effects include pain and tenderness, particularly in the long bones of the upper and lower extremities, which may be exacerbated by exercise; epiphyseal capping and premature epiphyseal closure may occur in children. Neurological effects include frontal headache and blurred vision. Findings also include papilledema, hepatomegaly, ascites, erythematous dermatitis, or bulging fontanelle in infants. Vitamin D Acute toxicity effects may include muscle weakness, apathy, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and bone pain. Chronic toxicity effects include the above symptoms and constipation, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, backache, hyperlipidemia, and hypercalcemia. Findings also may include hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Vitamin E Acute toxicity effects include nausea, headache, fatigue, easy bruising, and bleeding (lowered prothrombin time [PT], prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]), diplopia (at dosages as low as 300 IU), muscle weakness, and creatinuria. Chronic toxicity effects include all of the above. Vitamin K This particular toxicity typically is associated with infants. Effects may include jaundice in newborns, hemolytic anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Toxicity also blocks the effects of oral anticoagulants. Vitamins B-1, B-2, B-12, and folate Effects may be minimal and nonspecific. Vitamin B-2 turns the urine yellow-orange. Vitamin B-1 (ie, thiamine) toxicity effects may include the following: Tachycardia Hypotension Cardiac dysrhythmias Headache Anaphylaxis Vasodilation Weakness Convulsions Single acute toxicity is rare. Vitamin B-3 (ie, niacin, nicotinic acid) Acute toxicity effects are prostaglandin-mediated and include flushing, pruritus, wheezing, vasodilation, headache, increased intracranial blood flow, and headache. Chronic toxicity effects include jaundice, abnormal liver function tests, signs and symptoms of liver toxicity (most common with sustained-release preparations), and acanthosis nigricans (rare). Vitamin B-6 (ie, pyridoxine) Effects include tachypnea and sensory neuropathies, such as burning pains, paresthesias, ataxia, clumsiness, paralysis, and perioral numbness. Findings range from normal CNS function to progressive sensory ataxias, profound impairment of position and vibration sense, and diminished tendon reflexes. Vitamin C Effects may be renal colic (ie, nephrolithiasis), diarrhea, rebound scurvy in infants born to women taking high doses, hemolysis if G-6-PD deficiency is present, possible dental decalcification, and increased estrogen levels. Findings may include occult rectal bleeding. Causes: Vitamin A (ie, retinol) – Found in green and yellow vegetables, liver, egg yolks, fish oil, and margarine US recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 5000 IU (2500 IU for children aged 1-4 years). Supplements usually are 10,000-50,000 IU per capsule. Fish-liver oils may contain more than 180,000 IU/g. Acute toxic dose is 25,000 IU/kg, and chronic toxic dose is 4000 IU/kg every day for 6-15 months. Beta-carotene (ie, provitamin A) is converted to retinol but not rapidly enough for acute toxicity. Vitamin A is highly teratogenic in pregnancy; however, it also is a cofactor in night vision and bone growth. Vitamin D (ie, cholecalciferol) is present in most dairy products, egg yolks, liver, and fish. RDA is 400 IU for persons older than 1 year. Supplements usually are 400 IU per tablet. Acute toxic dose is not established, and chronic toxic dose is more than 50,000 IU/d in adults. In children, 400 IU/d is potentially toxic. A wide variance in potential toxicity exists. Vitamin D increases serum calcium levels by facilitating calcium absorption and mobilizing calcium from bone. Vitamin E (ie, alpha-tocopherol) is found in vegetable oil, nuts, wheat, and green leafy vegetables. RDA is 30 IU (10 IU for children aged 1-4 years). Supplements usually are 100-1000 IU per capsule. The potentially toxic dose is more than 3000 IU/d for 7-9 weeks. Severe toxicity is very rare. Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant. It may block absorption of Vitamin A and K. Vitamin E decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level at doses more than 400 IU/d. Vitamin K (ie, phytonadione) Vitamin K-1 supplements usually are 2.5-10 mg. A toxic dose amount is not established. Phytonadione promotes liver synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X. Vitamin B-1 (ie, thiamine) is found in organ meats, yeast, eggs, and green leafy vegetables. RDA is 1.5 mg (0.7 mg for children aged 1-4 years). Supplements usually are 50-500 mg per tablet. Thiamin generally is nontoxic. Vitamin B-1 is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase in the Krebs cycle. Vitamin B-2 (ie, riboflavin) RDA is 1.7 mg (0.8 mg for children aged 1-4 years). Supplements usually are 25-100 mg. B-2 generally is nontoxic. Vitamin B-3 (ie, niacin) is … read more »
Response:
On Thu, 3 Jan 2002 09:53:55 -0800, "Michael" <muirh…@island.net> wrote: >Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU
I believe recent studies have found this to be inadequate. Minimum of 10,000 IU is now recommended. — Troll bait aspartame gluten dairy mercury Hg amalgam lyme bloodletting
Response:
"Jim Carter" <jimcar…@gmx.net> wrote in message
news:8n4a3uc5kdlm0sh4cvuu0v12ik5dm7jvpq@4ax.com… | On Thu, 3 Jan 2002 09:53:55 -0800, "Michael" <muirh…@island.net> wrote: | | >Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU | | I believe recent studies have found this to be inadequate. Minimum of 10,000 IU | is now recommended. Hmmm…. looking back at the place I took the table from, I see that those are 1998’s RDA’s. I doubt much has changed since, but it’s possible that the RDA for vitamin D has been upped to 1000 IU from 400, based on the following: ———– RDA for Vitamin D Too Low for Those with Little Sunlight Exposure Many people who are not exposed to adequate amounts of sunlight are suffering from significant vitamin D deficiencies, especially if their diets are also low in it. Therefore, the authors of this study are recommending that the RDA (recommended daily allowance) for adults be raised to 1000 IU. Sunlight exposure of the skin is known to be the most important source of vitamin D. This study looked at the vitamin D status of sunlight-deprived individuals compared with those with normal sunlight exposure. This Danish study used veiled Arab women and veiled ethnic Danish Moslem women (Caucasian) and compared them the Danish population (controls). Diet analysis of each group was also performed. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were used as estimates of vitamin D status. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was also measured to control for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Oral intake of vitamin D and calcium were estimated through a historical food intake interview performed by a trained clinical dietician. Veiled Arab women displayed extremely low values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, less than one-sixth that of the controls. The veiled Danish women had levels less than one-half that of the controls. PTH was found to be greatly increased amongst veiled Arab women, whose values were nearly 6 times higher than controls. The veiled Danish women had levels almost 3 times higher than controls. Compounding the lack of sunlight problem was the fact that the veiled Arab women had very low dietary vitamin D intake (including supplementation), about 13 times lower than Danish Moslems and 7 times lower than the controls. The authors conclude that severe vitamin D deficiency is prevalent amongst sunlight-deprived individuals. This deficiency may be the result of a combination of limitations in sunlight exposure and a low oral intake of vitamin D. Since the oral intake amongst veiled ethnic Danish Moslems was approximately 600 IU, but they were still vitamin D-deficient, they propose that 600 IU is insufficient to maintain proper vitamin D status when sunlight exposure is limited. Therefore, they propose that a minimum RDA of 1000 IU per day should be adopted. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 260-268 —————- Maybe this clarifies? — Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice.
Response:
Which ones are dangerous in amounts over the RDA? – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -Michael wrote: > OK… so I poked into more current figures than I have in the table I’ve > got… > These are the U.S. recommended daily allowances (for adults in general,) of > various micronutrients, current in 2001. U.S. RDAs are also given for > infants (0-1 years), children (1-3 years), and pregnant or lactating women, > but I haven’t included them here. These U.S. RDAs are listed in the Federal > Register. > This table will look like hell if you’re viewing it in a proportional > font… I’ve set it up 77 characters wide for display in fixed-width fonts. > Nutrient Other Names & Usual Forms in Supplements U.S. RDA > ——– —————————————- ——– > Vitamin A Vitamin A acetate; Beta-carotene 5000 IU > Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU > Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol acetate 30 IU > Vitamin C Ascorbic acid; Niacinamide ascorbate 60 mg > Folic acid Folacin 400 mcg > Vitamin B-1 Thiamine; Thiamin; Thiamine mononitrate 1.5 mg > Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Vitamin B-2 1.7 mg > Niacin Niacinamide; Niacinamide ascorbate 20 mg > Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine hydrochloride 2.0 mg > Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 6.0 mcg > Biotin Biotin 0.3 mg > Pantothenic acid Calcium pantothenate 10 mg > Calcium Dibasic calcium phosphate; Elemental calcium 1000 mg > Phosphorus Dibasic calcium phosphate 1000 mg > Iodine Potassium iodide 150 mcg > Iron Ferrous fumarate; Ferrous sulfate; Elemental iron 18 mg > Magnesium Magnesium oxide; Magnesium sulfate 400 mg > Copper Cupric oxide; Cupric sulfate 2.0 mg > Zinc Zinc oxide 15 mg > — > Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> > Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice.
– Eliz. ^^^^^ Wow, there’s lots of ways you can praise God isn’t there? Like that time you told me I could praise him by just leaving the room? (Father Ted)
Response:
That’s so useful I’ve taken a print for keeps. Just one question – is that with or without fries ? Roarke "Michael" <muirh…@island.net> wrote in message
news:a125s0$n5kof$2@ID-78693.news.dfncis.de… – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> OK… so I poked into more current figures than I have in the table I’ve > got… > These are the U.S. recommended daily allowances (for adults in general,) of > various micronutrients, current in 2001. U.S. RDAs are also given for > infants (0-1 years), children (1-3 years), and pregnant or lactating women, > but I haven’t included them here. These U.S. RDAs are listed in the Federal > Register. > This table will look like hell if you’re viewing it in a proportional > font… I’ve set it up 77 characters wide for display in fixed-width fonts. > Nutrient Other Names & Usual Forms in Supplements U.S. RDA > ——– —————————————- ——- – > Vitamin A Vitamin A acetate; Beta-carotene 5000 IU > Vitamin D Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol 400 IU > Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol acetate 30 IU > Vitamin C Ascorbic acid; Niacinamide ascorbate 60 mg > Folic acid Folacin 400 mcg > Vitamin B-1 Thiamine; Thiamin; Thiamine mononitrate 1.5 mg > Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Vitamin B-2 1.7 mg > Niacin Niacinamide; Niacinamide ascorbate 20 mg > Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine hydrochloride 2.0 mg > Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin 6.0 mcg > Biotin Biotin 0.3 mg > Pantothenic acid Calcium pantothenate 10 mg > Calcium Dibasic calcium phosphate; Elemental calcium 1000 mg > Phosphorus Dibasic calcium phosphate 1000 mg > Iodine Potassium iodide 150 mcg > Iron Ferrous fumarate; Ferrous sulfate; Elemental iron 18 mg > Magnesium Magnesium oxide; Magnesium sulfate 400 mg > Copper Cupric oxide; Cupric sulfate 2.0 mg > Zinc Zinc oxide 15 mg > — > Michael <<muirh…@island.net>> > Peace is not the absence of war, but the universal presence of justice.
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